1. Chronicle is a chronological historical record. One meaning of tribune is the people's protector or champion. Dispatch refers both to speed and efficiency as well as a news item from a correspondent. Post means to inform of the latestnews. Names tend to explain function and/or indicate timeliness.
2. Answers will vary.
3. Answers will vary.
4. Answers will vary.
5. Tabloids are smaller than broadsheets, historically use more illustrations, and tend to condense and sensationalize news. The rest of the answers will vary.
6. • Nellie Bly: Known for sensational exposes, her reporting on her round-the-world trip beating the time of Jules Verne's novel earned her international fame.
   • Margaret Bourke-White: First woman war correspondent to go overseas in World War II, photojournalist featured in Life magazine from 1936-69.
   • Horace Greeley: Newspaper publisher, editor of the New York Tribune, famous for his advice to an unemployed New Yorker: "Go West, Young Man."
   • Bill Mauldin: Noted for his satirical cartoons about the ordeals of military life published in Stars and Stripes during World War II.
   • Thomas Nast: Political cartoonist for weekly newsmagazines, he created the donkey and elephant symblos for thre Democrats and Republicans.
   • Ernie Pyle: Famed war correspondent, he was killed by Japanese machine gun fire in 1945.
   • Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein: The two Washington Post reporters who broke the Watergate scandal.
   • Peter Zegner: Arrested in 1734 for articles called "seditious livels" by the New York government, he refused bail, edited his paper from jail, and was acquitted with the help of his lawyer, Alexander Hamilton. His case was the first freedom of the press ruling in the Colonies.
7. Old term for an apprentice to a printer. While learning the trade, Franklin read everything that came into the shop, greatly extending his education.
8. Organizations that supply their mass media clients with information beyond the geographical reach of most newspapers. They include the Associated Press, Reuters and Agence France-Presse. They also include arms of newspapers such as The New York Times and The Washington Post that sell their articles to smaller newspapers.
9. Possibilities: Manchester Guardian, Le Monde, La Prensa, Jerusalem Post.
10. One possible case is the 1971 "Pentagon Papers." Students could argue whether the Supreme Court was correct in ruling in favor of The New York Times and whether, despite the ruling, that newspaper and others that printed the documents were ethical in doing so.

• 1. appreciative, charmed, grateful
• 3. merci (French), gracias (Spanish), danke schon (German), todah (Hebrew)

1. Alexander Graham Bell. Inventor of the telephone, his name is the measure for comparing sound intensity.
2. Charles Cunningham Boycott. As a land agent, he was so hated that the Irish Land League tried to cut him off from all business and social actvities.
3. Louis Braille. Blind from age 3, he developed an alphabet based on 6 raised points.
4. James Thomas Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan. Led the charge of the Light Brigade; refers to a long-sleeved sweater with buttons down the front.
5. Nicholas Chauvin. Noted for wildly exaggerated patriotism and blind worship of Napoleon.
6. Draco. Athenian magistrate, his code of laws had most crimes carrying the death penalty.
7. Epicurus. Greek philosopher who believed the best life was one of refined pleasure.
8. Joseph Ignace Guillotin. French physician who proposed a beheading machine for humanitarian reasons; actual machine was designed by a colleague.
9. Sir Benjamin Hall. Called "Big Ben" for his size, he was Minister of Works when the 13½-ton bell in the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament was cast.
10. Gerardus Mercator. Flemish geographer who created a map with longitude at right angles to latitude, making navigation at the time much simpler.
11. Franz Anton Mesmer. Austrian doctor, proved a fraud, who was associated with a form of hypnotism.
12. John Montague, 4th Earl of Sandwich. A passionate gambler, he supposedly created the sandwich so he could eat without interrupting his play.
13. Jean Nicot.Diplomat who introduced tobacco seeds to France.
14. Louis Pasteur. Also known for his rabies vaccine, he developed the method for sterilizing milk.
15. Joel Roberts Poinsett. South Carolina politician and diplomat who opposed secession. Plant named for him is indigenous to Central America and Mexico, where he went on political assignments.
16. William Conrad Röntgen. Alternate spelling measures gamma (or X-) ray exposure.
17. Daniel Elmer Salmon. Veterinarian who identified the bacteria.
18. John Philip Sousa. Known as the March King, her was honored by having the instrument in the tuba family named for him.
19. Amerigo Vespucci. Explored South American coast (1499-1502), identifying it as a separate continent.
20. Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin. Manufactured the first dirigible with rigid construction.

Lloyd Alexander: The Black Cauldron (1966 honor), The High King (1989 medal)
Beverly Cleary: Dear Mr. Henshaw (1984 medal), Ramona Quimby, Age 8 (1982 honor), Ramona and Her Father (1978 honor)
Susan Cooper: The Dark Is Rising (1974 honor); The Grey King (1976 medal)
Karen Cushman: Catherine, Called Birdy (1995 honor), The Midwife's Apprentice (1996 medal)
Nancy Farmer: The Ear, the Eye and The Arm (1995 honor), A Girl Named Disaster (1997 honor)
Virginia Hamilton: In the Beginning: Creation Stories from Around the World (1989 honor); M.C. Higgins, the Great (1975 medal), The Planet of Junior Brown (1972 honor), Sweet Whispers, Brother Rush (1983 honor)
Irene Hunt: Across Five Aprils (1965 honor), Up a Road Slowly (1967 medal)
E.L. Konigsburg: The View from Saturday (1997 medal), From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler (1968 medal); Jennifer, Hecate, MacBeth, William McKinley and Me, Elizabeth (1968 honor)
Lois Lowry: Number the Stars (1990 medal), The Giver (1994 medal)
Robin McKinley: The Blue Sword (1983 honor), The Hero and the Crown (1985 medal)
Eloise McGraw: The Golden Goblet (1962 honor), Moonchild (1997 honor), Moccasin Trail (1953 honor)
Scott O'Dell: Island of the Blue Dolphins (1961 medal), The King's Fifth (1967 honor), The Black Pearl (1968 honor), Sing Down the Moon (1971 honor)
Katherine Paterson: Jacob Have I Loved (1981 medal), Bridge to Terabithia (1978 medal), The Great Gilly Hopkins (1979 honor)
Isaac Bashevis Singer: The Fearsome Inn (1968 honor), Zlateh the Goat and Other Stories (1967 honor), When Shlemeil Went to Warsaw and Other Stories (1969 honor)
Zipah Keatley Snyder: The Headless Cupid (1972 honor), The Witches of Worm (1973 honor), The Egypt Game (1968 honor)
Elizabeth George Speare: The Bronze Bow (1962 medal), The Sign of the Beaver (1984 honor), The Witch of Blackbird Pond (1959 medal)
Cynthia Voigt: A Solitary Blue (1984 honor), Dicey's Song (1983 Medal)